Associated Press journalists saw 13 women and children depart Roj camp, a remote facility near the border with Iraq that houses family members of suspected IS militants, in a bus escorted by a delegation of Syrian government officials.
Lana Hussein, an official with the Women's Protection Units of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, which manages security at the camp, said the departure of the families was organised in co-ordination with the central government in Damascus.
She said the families were expected to remain in Damascus for a period of around 72 hours and then "they will be deported under security procedures."
Representatives of the Syrian foreign ministry and the Australian government did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
A previous attempt to return 34 women and children to Australia from the camp in February was aborted after being turned back by Syrian authorities.
Australian authorities at the time said they would not repatriate the families, and the Albanese government later issued a temporary exclusion order banning one of the women from returning.
It was not immediately clear if there had been co-ordination with the Australian government before the new attempt on Friday.
Roj camp is in an area of northeast Syria controlled by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, but the Australians had planned to fly out of Damascus.
Camp officials said at the time that the planned repatriations were organised by family members of the returnees rather than directly by Australian authorities.
Former IS fighters from multiple countries, their wives and children, were held in a network of camps and detention centres in northeast Syria after the militant group lost control of its territory in Syria in 2019. Though defeated, the group still has sleeper cells that carry out deadly attacks in both Syria and Iraq.
The larger al-Hol camp has now been closed down, while thousands of suspected IS militants previously held in Syria were transferred to Iraq by the US military to stand trial there.
The moves came after fighting broke out between government forces and the SDF in January. Government forces seized much of the territory formerly held by the SDF. Amid the chaos and clashes, many detainees fled al Hol and some prisoners escaped from a detention centre.
Australian governments have repatriated Australian women and children from Syrian detention camps on two occasions. Other Australians have also returned without government assistance.
