Trump spent roughly three hours at Walter Reed National Military Medical Centre for what his doctor, Navy Captain Sean Barbabella, called a "scheduled follow-up evaluation" that was a "part of his ongoing health maintenance plan".
While there, the president also got his yearly flu shot, as well as a Covid-19 booster vaccine.
"President Donald J Trump remains in exceptional health, exhibiting strong cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and physical performance," Capt Barbabella wrote in a one-page memo released by the White House.
The doctor noted in the memo that the evaluation helped prepare for Trump's upcoming overseas trips and included advanced imaging, lab testing and preventive health assessments.
The president is travelling to the Middle East this weekend and is scheduled to fly to Asia at the end of this month.
Capt Barbabella also evaluated Trump's cardiac age at about 14 years younger than his chronological age.
Trump is 79 and was the oldest US president at his inauguration.
In July, the White House announced that Trump had recently undergone a medical check-up after noticing "mild swelling" in his lower legs and was found to have a condition common in older adults that causes blood to pool in his veins.
Tests by the White House medical unit showed that Mr Trump had chronic venous insufficiency, which occurs when little valves inside the veins that normally help move blood against gravity gradually lose the ability to work properly.
At the time, Mr Trump was frequently observed with bruising on his hand.
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