Companies including SpaceX and Starcloud are pursuing plans to deploy data centres in low Earth orbit, aiming to harness near-continuous sunlight to power energy-intensive AI computing and sidestep terrestrial constraints on electricity supplies.
The new mission, scheduled to fly on SpaceX's upcoming Transporter-18 rideshare launch in partnership with satellite company Planet Labs, will assess how Google's AI hardware withstands launch forces, radiation and extreme temperatures in low Earth orbit.
After the launch, it will send a prototype satellite carrying Google Tensor Processing Units into low Earth orbit to assess if the AI chips can operate reliably in space.
Space radiation can disrupt or degrade electronics, including by causing data errors known as bit flips.
Google said it tested its TPUs while running AI workloads in a facility at the University of California, Davis, but that orbital testing was needed to understand how the hardware performs in the real environment.
The tech giant will also evaluate its design to cool the power-intensive chips in the vacuum of space, where conventional airflow cooling is impossible, by combining heat pipes with radiators.
But experts have said the concept remains years from being commercially viable given high launch costs, engineering constraints and satellite production bottlenecks.
The first Suncatcher mission is designed to gather in-orbit data and identify potential failure points, rather than demonstrate an operational orbital data centre, Google said.
It aims to launch two satellites in 2027 to test the high-bandwidth laser links needed to connect future computing clusters.
